Assignment # 4

Karen P. Hughes is the Under Secretary of Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs. she was appointment in July 29, 2005. Huges played a very important role communicating with foreign publics and confronting ideological support for terrorism. under her administration Hughes worked very hard to make public diplomacy a national security priority that is now viewed as central to the work of America’s diplomats worldwide. She expanded public diplomacy and international communications programs.

Unfortunatly, Hughes Announced her decision to leave the department in mid-December 2007. i think that she has resigned because she was anable to work under the actual circamstances. i think that with what is happening in the world nowadays made her unable to change the image of the USA all over the world, which was her most important role in the state departemnt. according to Hughes "improving the world's view of the United States is a long-term challenge that will outlast her. i think that she Prefereed to leave her job instead of loosing her credebility although she had done a great job concerning international communication especialy with the Arab and Muslim world.
Definitions:
Soft Power:

• "Soft power is the ability to get what you want by attracting and persuading others to adopt your goals. It differs from hard power, the ability to use the carrots and sticks of economic and military might to make others follow your will" h(http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/news/opeds/2003/nye_soft_power_iht_011003.htm)

• "Soft power rests on the ability to shape the preferences of others. In the business world, smart executives know that leadership is not just a matter of issuing commands, but also involves leading by example and attracting others to do what you want. Similarly, contemporary practices of community-based policing rely on making the police sufficiently friendly and attractive that a community wants to help them achieve shared objectives" (http://hbswk.hbs.edu/archive/4290.html).

Public diplomacy: Public diplomacy is defined as “government-sponsored programs intended to inform or influence public opinion in other countries; its chief instruments are publications, motion pictures, cultural exchanges, radio and television”(U.S. Department of State, Dictionary of International Relations

Propaganda: the use of communication channels, through known persuasive or manipulative techniques, in an attempt to shape or alter public opinion
In International Communication, it is used in three ways:

1.Government leaders use it to shape public opinion
2.Influence matters abroad
3.Nongovernmental entities use it to sway public opinion or affect public policy formation